Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties of Holmium-Doped Nickel-Cadmium Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method

Nanoparticles where holmium was substituted with nickel-cadmium Ni0.5Cd0.5HoxFe2-xO4 (X = 0, 0.02, and 0.04) ferrites were synthesized through a sol-gel auto-combustion process to reveal their structural physical properties. The nanoparticles characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared ray (FTIR) spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy techniques. XRD revealed the formation of cubic crystal structure had preferential orientation along (311). By including holmium, lattice constant reduced, while average crystallite size increased. SEM analysis that exhibited regular shapes, grain increased content. FTIR determined all organic inorganic materials an absorption range 400 4000 cm−1. dielectric properties measured between frequency ranges 1 kHz 2 MHz. This shows tangent loss raised when concentration